![]() Dashed lines indicate the outline of the palatal shelf and tongue epithelium. (A-L) MHC (green) and β3-tubulin (red) co-immunostaining along the antero-posterior axis of the mouse soft palate at E13.5 (A-C), E14.5 (D-F), E16.5 (G-I), and P0 (J-L) at the level of the TVP and PLG (A, D, G, J), LVP (B, E, H, K), and PLP and SPC (C, F, I, L). Soft palate innervation is primarily oro-medial and complements the differentiated muscle pattern. The schematic drawings indicate the orientation and the position of each section. LVP: levator veli palatini, MP: medial pterygoid muscle, PLG: palatoglossus PLP: palatopharyngeus, SPC: superior pharyngeal constrictor, T: tongue, TT: tensor tympani, TG: trigeminal ganglion, TVP: tensor veli palatini. Arrows indicate the medial region of the palatal shelf negative for mature myocytes until newborn stage. (D-E) In the inset, dashed lines correspond to the basal lamina of the palatal shelf epithelium, and the asterisk indicates the epithelial seam during the fusion process. ![]() Red arrows indicate the differentiated TVP. (A) Dashed lines indicate the outline of the palatal shelf and tongue epithelium. ![]() (A-L) MHC (green) along the antero-posterior axis of the mouse soft palate at E13.5 (A-C), E14.5 (D-F), E15.5 (G-I), and P0 (J-L) at the level of the TVP and PLG (A, D, G, J), LVP (B, E, H, K), and PLP and SPC (C, F, I, L). Scale bars: 200μm.ĭifferentiation of the soft palate muscles proceeds from the lateral regions to the midline. *: tendon of the TVP, Apo: palatine aponeurosis, Epi: epiglottis, GH: cartilage primordium of the greater horn of the hyoid bone, HB: cartilage primordium of the hyoid bone, IPC: inferior pharyngeal constrictor, LC: longus capitis, LVP: levator veli palatini, MP: medial pterygoid muscle, MPC: middle pharyngeal constrictor, NP: nasopharynx, PLG: palatoglossus PLP: palatopharyngeus, PP: pterygoid plate, PTT: pharyngotympanic tube, SPC: superior pharyngeal constrictor, T: tongue, TC: thyroid cartilage, TG: trigeminal ganglion, TVP: tensor veli palatini. (E, F) MHC immunostaining (green) of sagittal (E) and transverse (F) sections of soft palates from newborn mice. (A-D) Histological sections of soft palates from newborn mice stained with hematoxylin & eosin at the level of the TVP and PLG (A), TVP and LVP (B), LVP and MPC (C), and SPC and PLP (D). The morphology and attachment points of soft palate muscles in newborn mice appear fully developed. The schematic drawing indicates the orientation and the position of each section. *: pharyngotympanic tube cartilage, Apo: palatine aponeurosis, Epi: epiglottis, GH: greater horn of the hyoid bone, LVP: levator veli palatini, MG: mucous glands, MP: medial pterygoid muscle, MPC: middle pharyngeal constrictor, NP: nasopharynx, PLP: palatopharyngeus, PP: pterygoid plate, PTT: pharyngotympanic tube, SB: sphenoid bone, TT: tensor tympani, TVP: tensor veli palatini. (A-D) Histological sections of a 4-month-old mouse soft palate stained with hematoxylin & eosin at the level of the TVP (A), LVP (B), MPC and PLP (C), and SPC and PLP (D). ![]() Murine and human adult soft palates are highly homologous.
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